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In Business

Inclusive Trade, Gender, and Development: The Role of the WTO in Empowering Developing Economies

January 14, 2026 No Comments

Introduction

International trade remains a central driver of economic growth and development. However, the benefits of global trade are not always evenly distributed, particularly for women and developing economies. As trade policies evolve to address contemporary global challenges, the need for inclusive and gender-responsive trade frameworks has become increasingly important. The World Trade Organization (WTO), as the cornerstone of the multilateral trading system, plays a critical role in shaping trade rules that can promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

Trade, Gender, and Inclusive Growth

Women represent a significant share of the global workforce and play a vital role in small and medium-sized enterprises, yet they remain underrepresented in export-oriented and high-value sectors. Persistent barriers such as limited access to finance, technology, education, and market information continue to constrain women’s participation in international trade.

Inclusive trade policies that address these structural challenges can unlock substantial economic potential. Evidence shows that when women are empowered to participate fully in trade, productivity increases, household incomes improve, and broader development outcomes are strengthened. Gender-responsive trade is therefore both a development priority and a sound economic strategy.

Gender and Global Trade Policy

Traditional trade policy frameworks have focused primarily on market access, tariffs, and regulatory harmonization, often overlooking gender-specific impacts. In recent years, however, there has been growing recognition that trade policies affect women and men differently.

An increasing number of trade agreements and multilateral discussions now incorporate gender considerations through cooperation initiatives, capacity-building programs, and support for women-owned enterprises. These measures help ensure that trade liberalization contributes to equitable growth rather than reinforcing existing inequalities.

Developing Economies and the Role of the WTO

For developing economies, the WTO provides a vital platform for integration into the global trading system. Through its rules-based framework, the WTO offers predictability, transparency, and dispute settlement mechanisms that support fair participation in international trade.

Special and differential treatment provisions, along with WTO-led technical assistance and capacity-building programs, are particularly important for developing countries. These initiatives strengthen institutional capacity, improve trade policy implementation, and enhance participation in global value chains.

The Way Forward

To remain relevant and effective, the multilateral trading system must continue to adapt to changing global realities. Strengthening the integration of gender considerations into trade policy, expanding technical support for developing economies, and promoting inclusive participation in trade negotiations are essential steps.

The WTO and its members have an opportunity to further align trade policy with sustainable development objectives, ensuring that trade contributes meaningfully to poverty reduction, gender equality, and economic resilience.

Conclusion

Inclusive trade is fundamental to achieving shared prosperity. When women and developing economies are fully integrated into the global trading system, the benefits of trade extend beyond markets to communities and societies at large. The WTO has a crucial role to play in shaping a fair, inclusive, and development-oriented trading system that responds to the needs of all its members

By Gloria Ken-Idehen
Women Development International Magazine (WDI)

In Featured

Women Development Policies and Challenges

November 19, 2025 No Comments

In much of Africa, feminism is often perceived as an anathema. Patriarchy continues to dominate social, political, and economic structures, relegating women and keeping gender-related issues away from mainstream policy. This entrenched stance has restricted women’s roles and opportunities, despite decades of struggle and activism. Since the late 1980s, however, global human rights campaigns have increasingly brought women’s concerns to the fore. Today, women development refers to deliberate efforts to empower women—not only to shape their own destinies but also to actively participate in societal transformation.

Development and the Gender: Question Development is a multifaceted concept, encompassing welfare, stability, and growth. With women making up more than half of the world’s population, no development strategy can be considered complete without addressing gender disparities. Despite this, women in many developing countries remain structurally disadvantaged in education, health, employment, and political participation. The Beijing Conference of 1995 emphasized women’s inclusion as indispensable. This is particularly vital in areas such as peace and security: women are rarely perpetrators of violence but are disproportionately its victims—whether in armed conflict or domestic abuse. Research further shows that excluding women weakens family stability, increases poverty, and produces intergenerational disadvantages, both social and psychological.

Policy Gaps and Local Challenges: In countries like Nigeria, women face deeper vulnerabilities due to weak social security systems. Political and budgetary decisions—dominated by men— rarely prioritize women’s welfare. Education emerges as the most critical tool for empowerment. It enables women to make informed choices about family planning, participate in economic life, and engage politically. Without access to education, women remain disadvantaged in employment and leadership opportunities. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reinforce this global agenda, making gender equality central to sustainable progress. Yet, in many African societies, entrenched cultural norms continue to make women’s empowerment an uphill task.

Voices of Advocacy: Among the prominent champions of women’s rights is Marianne Racine Sow, a Senegalese activist who since 1989 has campaigned against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and promoted women’s sexual and social rights. Sow stresses the importance of involving men in dismantling harmful traditions. She argues that empowerment must extend beyond women themselves to engage entire communities in redefining gender roles. Her advocacy highlights training, public engagement, and dialogue platforms where women can voice their needs and aspirations. By framing empowerment as a collective process, Sow demonstrates that sustainable change depends on community-wide participation rather than isolated female advancement.

Conclusion: Women development is not a marginal concern—it is central to modern transformation. Empowered women drive family stability, economic growth, and peacebuilding. Excluding them from development processes risks instability and stagnation. To mainstream women’s empowerment is not merely a moral imperative; it is a practical foundation for sustainable progress. An empowered woman provides the fulcrum for a stable society, becoming both the driver of peace and the engine of development.

In Cover

WDI Magazine – Heroes of Democracy Edition

November 19, 2025 No Comments

Dear Readers,

It is with great pride and purpose that I welcome you to this special edition of Women Development International, dedicated to celebrating the Heroes of Democracy in Rivers State. This edition is more than a collection of stories—it is a tribute to the women and men whose courage, leadership, and resilience have shaped the democratic journey of Rivers State.

From the ballot struggles of yesterday to the civic engagement of today, we spotlight those whose voices and actions continue to sustain freedom, inclusion, and justice. Our features traverse history, honour iconic leaders, amplify women’s rising influence, and capture the spirit of everyday citizens whose votes and voices uphold democracy.

We believe these stories are not just about Rivers State—they are mirrors of Nigeria’s broader democratic evolution. As you turn these pages, may you find inspiration in the sacrifices, wisdom, and vision of these heroes, and may their legacies stir each of us to strengthen democracy in our own spaces. With gratitude and hope,

Gloria Ken-Idehen

Editor-in-chief, WDI Magazine

In Politics

A Journey Through The Ballot Box: Democracy In Rivers State

November 19, 2025 No Comments

Rivers State, located in the southern region of Nigeria, has a rich and complex political history. Since its creation in 1967, the state has witnessed the evolution of governance from military administrations to democratic rule. This chapter traces the historical development of democracy in Rivers State, highlighting the key political actors, electoral transitions, and the growing role of women in politics. By understanding the historical trajectory, one gains insight into the state’s contemporary democratic landscape and the
challenges and achievements that have shaped it.

The Birth of Rivers State (1967)
Formation and Early Leadership Transitions Rivers State was carved out of the Eastern Region on May 27, 1967, during General Yakubu Gowon’s military regime. The creation
was part of a broader effort to reorganize Nigeria into 12 states, aimed at addressing ethnic tensions and fostering political stability. The first administrator of Rivers State was Joseph Adeusi, followed by subsequent military administrator, whose tenure was characterized by centralized governance and limited public participation. The early leadership transitions in Rivers State laid the foundation for governance structures and highlighted the tensions between military directives and emerging local political aspirations. Key challenges included the integration of diverse ethnic groups, managing natural resources, particularly oil, and establishing administrative structures that could later support democratic governance.

Return to Civil Rule (1979 – 1999)
Governance Under Melford Okilo
The return to civilian rule in 1979 marked the beginning of the Second Republic in Nigeria. Rivers State experienced its first democratic governance with Melford Okilo as governor under the National Party of Nigeria (NPN). His administration focused on infrastructural
development, educational reforms, and creating institutions for local governance. However, the democratic experience was short-lived due to persistent political instability and military interventions.

Shift to Military Interludes
From 1983 to 1999, Rivers State oscillated between civilian and military rule. The military took over governance in response to perceived corruption and political mismanagement at both state and federal levels. During these interludes, military administrators wielded significant control over the political and economic affairs of the state, often side-lining participatory democracy. Nonetheless, these periods laid the groundwork for administrative
efficiency, particularly in resource management and governance centralization.

Democracy Post-1999: Rivers in the Fourth Republic
Democratic Stability and Electoral Integrity: A Decade-wise Analysis
The return to democracy in 1999 ushered in the Fourth Republic, with a renewed emphasis on electoral processes and democratic governance. Rivers State, as a resource-rich and
politically vibrant state, became a focal point of democratic consolidation. Key features include:

1999–2007: Dominance of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP).
Initial years focused on restoring governance structures, promoting infrastructural projects, and institutionalizing democratic practices.

2007–2015: Period marked by contested elections, electoral reforms, and challenges to
transparency. Political violence occasionally marred elections, highlighting the fragility of
democratic institutions.

2015–2023: Emergence of the All Progressives Congress (APC) alongside PDP has introduced competitive politics, with increasing focus on electoral monitoring, transparency,
and citizen participation.

Key Political Parties and Their Influence. The PDP has historically dominated Rivers State politics due to its organizational structure and grassroots influence. Conversely,
the APC, emerging in the 2010s, has challenged the PDP’s dominance, advocating for policy reforms, anti-corruption measures, and broader political representation. Other smaller parties, though less influential, have contributed to diversifying the political landscape and encouraging civic engagement.

The Role of Women in Rivers State’s Political Growth
Milestones in Female Political Participation

Women in Rivers State have played an increasingly significant role in democratic governance. Initially marginalized, women gradually entered political arenas as candidates, party leaders, and policy advocates. Key milestones include:

1979–1999: Limited female representation in local councils and political appointments.

Post-1999: Increased participation, with women occupying legislative seats, executive appointments, and leadership roles within major political parties. Establishment of advocacy groups promoting gender equality and leadership training for women.

Recent elections have seen more women elected into office, influencing policymaking, particularly on issues of education, healthcare, and social welfare.

Conclusion
Democracy in Rivers State has undergone a complex evolution from its formation in 1967, through periods of civilian governance and military intervention, to the consolidation of the Fourth Republic. The state’s political history highlights the interplay between resource
management, electoral processes, party politics, and civic engagement.

Women’s growing participation underscores the transformative potential of inclusive governance.
Understanding these historical dynamics provides a foundation for evaluating contemporary democratic practices and anticipating future political developments in Rivers State

In Politics

Security Statement from Hon. Rotimi Amaechi

November 19, 2025 No Comments

Security Statement Amaechi

IMMEDIATE RELEASE

DATE: November 19, 2025

It is clear that the government in power has no political will to curb the incessant killings and terrorist attacks plaguing our country today. The government has failed to provide adequate protection for its citizens, as evidenced by the surge in terrorist attacks and mass kidnappings in some parts of the country – challenging our national security. This failure to act decisively has sadly emboldened terrorists and eroded public trust.

The incessant attacks on innocent citizens in Plateau; the reported attack and kidnapping of secondary schoolgirls in Kebbi; an ambush on soldiers in Borno resulting in the abduction and killing of a Brigadier General, M. Uba; the attack on a church in Kwara; and the kidnapping of a priest, Rev. Fr. Bobbo Paschal, in Kaduna –all within a week – are too much to be ignored.

The Federal Government needs to step up its game, sharpen its response to terrorist activities, strengthen military intelligence and tactical operations, and live up to the expectations of its people.

To Mr. President: your primary assignment is the security of lives and property. Enough of looking the other way or issuing watery statements of condemnation. Prioritizing a summit or jetting out for whatever reason when Nigerians are dying can never be the trait of a good leader. It is time to probe wrong decisions, strategize, and make tough calls. The current situation calls for decisive leadership, stronger intelligence coordination, and accountability.

We did it in Rivers State; it can be done in the country. We are prepared to help if you request help.

Rt Hon. Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi